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SAGA
SAGA

Articles

Peptide Science, Explained

Long-form educational articles on peptide chemistry, research methodology, and the preclinical literature — written for researchers and the scientifically curious.

Every article is referenced against peer-reviewed publications and framed strictly in a laboratory research context.

September 8, 2026

peptide handling · reconstitution · bacteriostatic water

How to Reconstitute Lyophilized Peptides: Solvents, Ratios, and Storage

Lyophilized peptides have to go back into solution before they can be used, and the choices made at that step — solvent, volume, technique, storage — determine whether the material survives intact. A practical guide to each decision and the chemistry behind it.

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September 4, 2026

retatrutide · tirzepatide · glp-1

Retatrutide vs. Tirzepatide: Receptor Targets, Structure, and the Published Literature

Tirzepatide engages two receptors; retatrutide engages three. A comparison at the level of receptor pharmacology, molecular structure, and what the peer-reviewed clinical literature actually reports for each.

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July 28, 2026

certificate of analysis · coa · hplc

How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis: HPLC, Mass Spec, and What Purity Actually Means

Purity, identity, and content are three separate questions answered by three separate tests. A guide to reading each section of a peptide COA, and to the number that is missing more often than not.

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July 24, 2026

peptides · peptide science · amino acids

What Are Peptides? A Research-Focused Introduction to Structure, Function, and Classification

Peptides are short chains of amino acids that act as signaling molecules throughout biology. This primer explains what defines a peptide, how peptides differ from proteins, and how the major classes studied in laboratories are organized.

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